Edible agricultural products and foods, as well as their relationships, are defined and described in the Introduction of this book.* Although China has a wide variety of edible agricultural products, staple foods, vegetables, fruits, and livestock and aquatic products are the major products whose quantity and quality impact the safety of the edible agricultural product industry. is chapter analyzes the production, market supply, and structural changes of edible agricultural products, including staple foods, vegetables, fruits, and livestock and aquatic products, as well as the development of the emerging edible agricultural product market. is chapter also investigates the quality and safety of these major edible agricultural products based on monitoring data in China.