ABSTRACT
For decades, computers have been built around machines. Calculating for ballistic missiles brought us the first computer ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). Sharing printers brought us the Ethernet. Today, the Internet of things, such as smartphones, wearable devices, and social media are transforming computing from machine-centric to human-centric. We are seeing a growing demand for affordable, noninvasive, and convenient diagnostic tools to be used anywhere and anytime. In contrast, traditional diagnostic tools are mainly used in clinical environments by professionals. It is often the case that the symptom does not conveniently show up at the clinic office but later at home instead. For example, sleep studies should ideally be conducted at a patient’s own home instead of the lab, and heartbeat waves should be monitored and diagnosed at home in addition to during the doctor’s visit. Unfortunately, the around-the-clock monitoring is normally expensive and almost impossible unless the patient is hospitalized or has a special prescription.
