ABSTRACT

Ferromagnetism is the fundamental property by which certain

materials form permanent magnets or are attracted to magnets.

The representative ferromagnetic (FM) materials are Fe, Co, Ni,

most of their alloys, some compounds of rare-earth metals, and

a few naturally occurring minerals like lodestone. In addition

to the basic side, ferromagnetism is very important in industry

and modern technology and is the basis for many electrical and

electromechanical devices such as electric motors, transformers,

magnetic storage like tape recorders, and hard disks.