ABSTRACT
Ferromagnetism is the fundamental property by which certain
materials form permanent magnets or are attracted to magnets.
The representative ferromagnetic (FM) materials are Fe, Co, Ni,
most of their alloys, some compounds of rare-earth metals, and
a few naturally occurring minerals like lodestone. In addition
to the basic side, ferromagnetism is very important in industry
and modern technology and is the basis for many electrical and
electromechanical devices such as electric motors, transformers,
magnetic storage like tape recorders, and hard disks.