ABSTRACT
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 357 Attractants ...................................................................................................................................... 358 Anti-Oviposition ............................................................................................................................ 358 Larviciding .....................................................................................................................................360 Adulticiding ................................................................................................................................... 361 Spatial Repellent Effect ................................................................................................................. 361 Synergists and Adjuvants ............................................................................................................... 363 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 363 References ...................................................................................................................................... 363
INTRODUCTION
Essential oils and extracts from natural plants and synthetic compounds have been screened and selected for the development of insect repellents against biting insects. Insect repellents have been applied on skin of humans/animals, released as vapors into the areas around humans and animals through different delivery methods with a variety of formulations, or used to treat clothing, bed nets, and curtains. The purpose of insect repellents is to repel or reduce the contact opportunity between biting insects and humans/animals to protect the hosts from insect bites. However, most insect repellent products have not been evaluated for other activities, such as attractant, antioviposition, larviciding, adulticiding, synergistic and adjuvant effects against biting insects, and other use.
