ABSTRACT
Studies on evaluation of geohazards, such as liquefaction induced damage during large earthquakes, have been advanced through model tests and effective stress analyses since 1970s. In particular, since 1990s, application of effective stress analysis in practice for
evaluating failure mode and degree of damage to soil-structure systems has been actively pursued by geotechnical engineering community. However, complexity and dimension of urban infrastructures have been increasingly expanded and, thereby, limitation of conventional model tests, including conventional centrifuge tests, have been widely recognized. The
limitation in scaling factor, e.g. 1/50 for typical centrifuge facilities for dynamic model tests, has come to be the primary problem to meet these situations in evaluation of geohazards to urban infrastructures.
