ABSTRACT
The main tasks of blow room process are opening, cleaning, and blending of cotton fiber tufts without overstressing of fibers. One important function of the blow room is to disintegrate the fiber bales into a flow of very small clumps of fiber, which are sufficiently small in size to be digested by the cards. The intensity of fiber treatment is different because the tufts continually become smaller as they pass from stage to stage. Cotton bale has nonlint content apart from cotton that has to be removed in the initial stages of the spinning process itself. About 40%–70% trash is removed in the blow room section. Blender equipped in the blow room sequence reduces the lot-to-lot variability existing in the raw material by homogenous blending. A blow room line is a sequence of different machines arranged in series and connected by pneumatic transport ducts. The sequence of machinery arrangement in the blow room process for a particular process depends on the following factors:
• Fiber type • Fiber characteristics • Trash content • Material throughput • Mixing formulation
Long staple cotton with low trash would require lesser beating and more opening than short staple, trashy cotton. For processing 100% synthetic fiber, we can bypass several openers and cleaners for gentle treatment of fibers and obviously synthetic fibers do not contain any trash content to remove. Though not preferred, sawtooth wires can be used for opening polyester or nylon fibers. However, they can cause several problems if used for opening soft fibers like viscose since such fibers have the tendency to disintegrate under stress.
