ABSTRACT
The “dual-use” problem is a well-known, yet unresolved, problem vexing much of the cutting-edge research and development in science and technology. Simply stated, the dual-use problem is the risk that scientic and technological innovations created for legitimate civilian or defensive military purposes will be diverted for offensive or malicious uses. For example, research on virulent u virus strains intended to develop preventive or therapeutic measures could provide knowledge that could be misused to spread the virus for terrorist purposes (Hale et al. 2012).
