ABSTRACT

Genomics of social insects has come of age (Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2006; Smith et al., 2011a, 2011b; Wurm et al., 2011). These data show the extraordinary adaptability of bees and ants with respect to social habits, invasiveness, biochemistry, olfaction, communication, reproduction, resistance to biological, chemical, and physical stresses, and longevity. These data also show why social insects deserve their elite title of super organisms.