ABSTRACT
There are a number of physical quantities that are completely specified by their magnitudes. For example, the mass of an object may be 10 kg. The temperature of a surface may be 50°C. These quantities such as mass and temperature are called scalar quantities. The magnitude of a scalar quantity is independent of coordinate system. Thus, in all coordinate systems, the mass of the object will be the same. Similarly, temperature of a surface will be the same no matter what coordinate system is used. The scalars are invariant under the coordinate transformation.
