ABSTRACT
The simple laws discussed in Chapter 3 involve heat transfer and mass transfer, with and without chemical reactions. The mechanisms of heat and mass transfer that were considered were conduction and diffusion, respectively. Another mechanism for mass and heat transfer is convection. To consider the convective transport of heat and mass transfer, knowledge of the flow field in the system is required. Lumped parameter models using average velocity are the exception. Estimations of pressure drop, drag forces, viscous dissipation etc., also require the flow field to be known. The subject of transport phenomena was developed with the aim to find mathematical solutions for the distribution of velocity, temperature and concentration within a system. The development of numerical techniques to solve the governing equation resulted in the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The governing equations describing transfer processes are derived by applying laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. The development of these equations and their application in modelling various processes are presented in this chapter.
