ABSTRACT
A: Human RCTs show no risk. Ex: Vitamins. B: Animal studies show no risk. Ex: APAP, penicillins, ampicillin. C: Risk in humans uncertain. Ex: Albuterol. D: Evidence of risk in humans; use in pregnancy not recommended unless benefits of the
drug use outweigh its risks. Ex: Isoretinoin, tetracyclines. X: Known teratogens, use contraindicated in pregnancy. Ex: Iodine, quinine.
