ABSTRACT

Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 519 19.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 520 19.2 Implementation of EM Channel Model and Physical Layer ................................................ 521

19.2.1 Creating Underwater Network Model Library ......................................................... 521 19.2.2 EM Radio Communication Model ........................................................................... 522 19.2.3 Environmental Noise ................................................................................................ 525 19.2.4 BER-Based Reception .............................................................................................. 527 19.2.5 EM Radio Physical Layer Model .............................................................................. 527

19.3 Congurations of EM-Based Underwater Networks ............................................................ 532 19.3.1 Network Model ......................................................................................................... 532 19.3.2 Underwater Surveillance Trafc Model ................................................................... 533 19.3.3 MAC Layer Conguration ........................................................................................ 537 19.3.4 Physical Layer Conguration ................................................................................... 538 19.3.5 Performance Metrics ................................................................................................ 539

19.4 Simulation Results ................................................................................................................ 539 19.4.1 Packet Average Delay ............................................................................................... 539 19.4.2 Packet Delivery Ratio ............................................................................................... 541 19.4.3 Scheme Overhead ..................................................................................................... 542

19.5 Concluding Remarks ............................................................................................................ 543 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... 543 References ...................................................................................................................................... 543

an environmental noise model for seawater, and a bit-error rate (BER) computation method. Based on the physical layer implementation of EM radios, simulation analyses were carried out to determine the performance of MAC protocols for an EM-based underwater surveillance network. The MAC schemes selected for this simulation study included ALOHA, multiple access with collision avoidance (MACA), carrier sense multiple access without acknowledgement (CSMAWithoutACK), and carrier sense multiple access with acknowledgement (CSMAWithACK). Simulation results showed that CSMAWithoutACK and CSMAWithACK outperforms ALOHA and MACA in terms of the packet average delay, the packet delivery ratio, and the scheme overhead. In addition, CSMAWithoutACK achieved lower packet delay and scheme overhead values compared to CSMAWithACK. Thus, CSMAWithoutACK is the most appropriate MAC scheme for EM-based underwater surveillance networks.