ABSTRACT
There have been numerous applications of polymer engineering composites in marine industry to compete with and complement conventional materials. Typical applications include boat hulls, sonar domes, masts, tanks, diving equipment, decks and oil platforms. These applications are due to the unique characteristics associated with polymer composites that are
• High strength and stiffness • Low weight • Resistance to aggressive marine, water and high UV environments • Monolithic and seamless construction without leakage and assem-
bly problems • Durability and ease of maintenance and repair • High energy absorption • Design exibility for specic requirements • Good dielectric, absence of magnetic properties and low thermal
conductivity
The main material involved in the marine industry is glass bre where it is extensively used. Prior to 1980, glass bre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) was used on small yachts and boats. The industry did not fully trust the polyester resins and orthophthalic resin gel coat materials due to the porous nature. Modern epoxy and the more expensive polyurethane resins have proved more resistant to water ingress and thus more suitable to larger structures such as ships to which the greatest developments have been made. Additionally, glass bre has been combined with carbon and Kevlar bres to provide lighter, stronger and tougher materials.
