ABSTRACT
Plain-carbon steels. Carbon steels (or plain-carbon steels) are ferrous metals. Percentage of carbon in them varies from about 0.05% to 1.7%–2%. Accordingly, they are classied as mild steel (MS), medium-carbon steel (MCS) and high-carbon steel. MS is soft, MCS is tough and high-carbon steel is hard in comparison to each other. Classication of steels is given in Figure 12.1. It also shows different types of cast irons (CIs).
