ABSTRACT
The non-operative clinical practice of neurosurgery is an important aspect of the oral and clinical examination. The majority of candidates spend an enormous effort memorizing precise values, ranges and units for certain neurosurgical conditions. Intracranial pressure is the pressure exerted by the intracranial content. The Monro–Kellie hypothesis states that the sum of the intracranial volumes of blood, brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and other components is constant, and that an increase in any one of these must be offset by an equal decrease in another, or else the overall pressure will rise. Diabetes insipidus is a result of low circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The insufficiency of ADH results on the excessive renal loss of water and electrolytes. Patients have a high output of dilute urine with normal or high serum osmolality.
