ABSTRACT
Representative exposure measurement, following dedicated measurement strategies, is one of the foundations for epidemiological studies (Dahmann et al. 2008). Each exposure assessment can only be used in an international context if harmonized and accepted measurement strategies are applied. Although accepted protocols are available for assessing exposure to conventional materials, as of now, they are still lacking for nanomaterials. Over the recent years, several studies have been published that reported on exposure related measurements at nanotechnology workplaces (a review of these studies can be found in Kuhlbusch et al. 2011). These studies used their own measurement strategies, and most of them employed rather large sets of equipment, including instruments for measuring particle size distributions, number and mass concentrations, and samplers to collect particles for subsequent chemical and/or
11.1 Background ................................................................................................... 233 11.2 The NanoGEM Tiered Approach ................................................................. 235
11.2.1 Tier 1 ................................................................................................. 235 11.2.2 Tier 2 ................................................................................................. 237 11.2.3 Tier 3 .................................................................................................240
