ABSTRACT
Chapters 2through 6have been dedicated to the study of optical —bers and their operation parameters, optical passive and active components, and the opto-electronic receivers as well as optical transmitters. An optical transmission system combines all these componentswith appropriate optical powers at the transmitter and at the receiver so as to satisfy the bit error rate (BER) requirement or the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). Shown in Figure 12.1a is the basic structure of the transmission system of multispan and multiwavelength channels with midspan optical ampli—ers in bidirectional arrangement. Figure 12.1b and calso shows the working —ber and protection —ber structures including add/drop mux insertion.
