ABSTRACT
Just-in-time (JIT) production means producing the right item at the right time in the right quantity. Anything else entails muda. Toyota introduced JIT in the 1950s in response to very concrete problems including:
• Fragmented markets demanding many products in low volumes. • Tough competition. • Fixed or falling prices. • Rapidly changing technology. • High cost of capital. • Capable workers demanding higher levels of involvement.
