ABSTRACT
Introduction ..............................................................................................................69 Identication of Black Cohosh ................................................................................ 70
Morphology ......................................................................................................... 70 Taxonomy ............................................................................................................ 70 Molecular Systematics ........................................................................................ 73
Authenticity of Black Cohosh .................................................................................. 73 Methods and Technique Applied in the Authenticity of Black Cohosh .............. 73 Markers That Distinguish A. racemosa from Other American Actaea Species ......74 Markers That Distinguish A. racemosa from Asian Actaea Species ................... 76
Cimifugin and Derivatives .............................................................................. 76 Triterpene Glycosides .....................................................................................77 Alkaloid ..........................................................................................................77 Formononetin .................................................................................................77
