ABSTRACT
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 184 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 185
Advantages of NMR Spectroscopy ................................................................... 185 1H Detection by NMR ....................................................................................... 186 13C Detection by NMR ...................................................................................... 186 Statistical Analysis ............................................................................................ 191
Component ID and Bookkeeping ........................................................................... 193 Experimental .......................................................................................................... 193
Sample Preparation ........................................................................................... 193 NMR Data Acquisition and Processing............................................................. 193
Analysis of qC-NMR Spectra ................................................................................ 194 Identication of 13C Satellites ........................................................................... 194
Summary and Conclusions .................................................................................... 196 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. 196 References .............................................................................................................. 196
Honey is an essential nutrient and ancient source of sugar with unique biological effects, a complex mixture of biological origin. Analytical evaluation of honey can reveal its origin, its quality, and whether if it is real honey or manipulated/adulterated. Honey is one of the food products, which is often adulterated and/or treated in ways, which is not acceptable or is outright dangerous. With the proliferation of pesticides and other industrial pollutants, bees can be adversely affected either directly [1] or indirectly [2] and could introduce contamination to the products of the hive. Therefore, detailed analysis and quality control using highly robust, quantitative, and informative analytical techniques are of high value. At the same time, this analysis provides more knowledge about the enigmatic life and biology of bees as well.
