ABSTRACT
Mathematical morphology was born in 1964 from the collaborative work of Georges Matheron and Jean Serra at the École des Mines de Paris, France. It is a theory to analyse and process geometrical structures based on set theory, lattice theory, topology and random functions. It is a tool for extracting different image components that are useful in the representation and description of image regions, boundaries, shapes or skeletons. Initially between the 1960s and 1970s, mathematical morphology dealt with binary images and many binary operators were introduced such as erosion, dilation, opening, closing, skeletonization, hit or miss transform. Later on in the mid-1970s and mid-1980s, it was generalized to greyscale images that require more sophisticated mathematical operations. Simultaneously the operators are extended to new operators. Consequently, mathematical morphology gained much recognition and is used widely in the image processing application.
