ABSTRACT
Briefly, geological history of Northern China has been immensely influenced by tectonic activity of Asian plate and Himalayas. Movement of Indian plate in Southern China and Pacific plate in the east has affected geomorphology of main land China (NAS, 1992). The collision of Indian plate with Central Asia began about 50 million years ago. It has doubled the thickness of crust that supports Tibet and Himalayan region. Mountain region traced in Western China area is result of tectonic movement and earthquakes. Formation of Mongolian plateau in North is supposedly a secondary effect of tectonic movement. Alluvial deposits of major rivers such as Huang He, Yangt Ze, and others have induced formation of Northern plains.The grasslands of North China extend from Manchuria, across Inner Mongolian steppe, Loess plateau of Shanxi and Gansu, and up to Tibetan plateau. Geological features of North China plains could be classified into (a) high plains of Inner Mongolia; (b) Daxinganling, Yinshan, and Helenshan of Inner Mongolia; and (c) Deseret basins (Xinshi, 1990).
