ABSTRACT
Shoji Shiba and Masanobu Abe created a general description of phase-in from research on Japanese quality circles activities and from a document of presentations from Deming Prize winners, which includes synopses of reports by companies that won the Deming Prize from 1982 to 1988 [263]. The CQM design team found the same sequence in American companies it visited in 1990.1 Since then, many other companies have followed the phase-in model presented here.
