ABSTRACT
Neurotrauma results in significant morbidity and mortality, due in large part to the vast array of cellular changes occurring in the central nervous system (CNS). Elucidating the complex nature of such transformations is critical in understanding the resulting pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-24 nucleotide long RNA molecules that regulate cellular function epigenetically. As they are implicated in various CNS injuries, identifying how they are affected by neurotrauma can provide insight into the molecular networks regulating cellular responses. In this chapter, the diverse roles of miRNAs in stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) obtained from human and animal studies are explored. Their potential as biomarkers for the type and severity of injury
is also considered. Finally, the promise of miRNA-based therapeutics in improving outcomes for stroke and TBI is discussed.
