ABSTRACT
The term millimeter-wave, commonly abbreviated MMW, mmW, mm-wave, or mmWave, nominally refers to the frequency range of 30-300 GHz (wavelengths of the range 1-10 mm) and corresponds to the extremely high frequency (EHF) band of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) band designations and extends from the Ka-band through the mm band of the IEEE standard letter band designations (see Table 9.1). The millimeter-wave region of the electromagnetic spectrum has long been an area of significant interest in the remote-sensing community due to the ability to achieve finer spatial resolution with smaller physical apertures than can be achieved at lower frequencies. Applications in missile guidance radar systems and radio astronomy extend back decades [1,2], where technologies focused on W-band (75-110 GHz) frequencies, in particular near 94 GHz where atmospheric absorption is low, allowing long propagation distances. Reasonable fractional bandwidths at millimeter-wave frequencies translate to very large relative baseband bandwidths, thereby allowing for significantly better resolution in time and space. Many devices were developed for these applications; however, compared to lower-frequency
9.1 Millimeter-Wave Wireless Systems .............................................................. 217 9.2 Motivations for Millimeter-Wave Technology .............................................. 219 9.3 Motivations for Photonic Technology ...........................................................220 9.4 Photonic Generation of Millimeter-Wave Signals ........................................ 223 9.5 Photonic Upconversion and Data Encoding .................................................228 9.6 Photonic Downconversion and Downsampling ............................................230 9.7 System Examples ..........................................................................................234
