ABSTRACT
The construction of large-scale infrastructures involves huge capital investment, and if it does not follow rigorous design and construction procedures, various forms of failure may arise. In the worst-case scenario, the structure may even collapse. Common modes of structural failure include cracks, deformation, corrosion, ground settlement, fatigue, and fracture. Improper selection of materials, overloading, faulty design, and natural calamities are some of the contributing factors.
