ABSTRACT
Substation automation involves the deployment of substation and feeder operating functions and applications ranging from supervisory control and data acquisition and alarm processing, to integrated volt-var control in order to optimize the management of capital assets and enhance operation and maintenance efficiencies with minimal human intervention. Cables of different lengths and sizes are used in a substation for carrying the signals, depending on the location of the switchgear and complexity of the control and protection system. New coreless instrument transformers are revolutionizing the substation automation scenario, with protection and metering capabilities. The root cause of many limitations of conventional instrument transformers is their reliance on an iron core. There are devices in a substation which link the process bus with the station bus. These include the secondary equipment like bay controllers, protection relays, Ethernet network and switches, time synchronization units, measuring devices, and recording devices.
