ABSTRACT
Over the past several decades, the availability of enteral formulas for use in hospitalized patients has dramatically increased. In the late 1970s, when enteral nutrition support was in its infancy, approximately 16 enteral formulas were available for use [1]. Present-day marketplace offers well over 100 enteral formulas, many of which can be considered for use in the critically ill patient. Choosing an appropriate formula can present a challenge given the multiple formula variations that exist. Energy and protein requirements and uid status are important considerations when choosing an appropriate formula. Promoting positive outcomes through the use of modied enteral formulas is a key component in formula decision making. Does the use of an immune-modulating formula (IMF) reduce infectious complications? Does a formula for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) result in a reduction in the need for ventilatory support? Many of these questions have been addressed via systematic reviews of existing research and via evidence-based guideline
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 259 Nutrient Components of Enteral Formulas ....................................................................................260
