ABSTRACT
Several studies have analyzed relative savings in GHG emissions when ethanol derived from woody feedstocks is used in place of gasoline. Dwivedi et al. (2012) reported that the use of ethanol derived from woody feedstocks could save 76% of GHG emissions relative to gasoline over the average life span of a small passenger car in the United States. Eriksson and Kjellström (2010) found that the GHG intensity of ethanol produced at a combined heat and power plant was 25% less than the ethanol produced from other locally available options. Bright and Strømman (2009) reported that the use of ethanol derived from boreal forests of Scandinavia could save GHG emissions ranging from 46% to 68% per unit of gasoline depending upon the adopted conversion technology. Kemppainen and Shonnard (2005) found that the aggregated life cycle environmental impact of ethanol derived from virgin timber and recycled newsprint feedstocks was the same but these feedstocks differed in consumption of fossil energy use because ethanol derived from virgin
CONTENTS
13.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................265 13.2 Methods ................................................................................................................................266 13.3 Results ...................................................................................................................................268 13.4 Discussion and Conclusion ................................................................................................... 275 Appendix ........................................................................................................................................ 276 References ...................................................................................................................................... 277
timber generated excess electricity. Other studies have evaluated the potential of different existing conversion technologies (Galbe and Zacchi 2002; Sun and Cheng 2002; Dwivedi et al. 2009) and the economics of utilizing woody feedstocks for ethanol production (Kaylen et al. 2000; Wingren et al. 2003; Frederick et al. 2008; Hu et al. 2008; Huang et al. 2009).
