ABSTRACT
The cellular technologies of 3G and 4G cellular networks use the same frequency for all users and are projected to provide a wide variety of new services, based on high-data-rate wireless channels. Existing 3G networks support 16.0 Mbps applications whilst 4G networks will support bit rates higher than 80 Mbps. The important aspect of these technologies is that these systems are most likely to be implemented supporting high frequencies above 2 GHz. Such high frequencies yield very quick signal degradation and strong diffraction from small obstacles, forcing the reduction of cell size. On the other hand, high speed data requirements support results in high Signal-to-Noise (SNR) requirements. In order to decrease the amount of interference and increase the quality of coverage, spatial cell optimization and planning leads to higher antenna tilt requirements and additional decrease of cell size, resulting in increased site densities especially in urban areas.
