K-Stage Adaptive Confirmatory Design Methods

For the same hypothesis test (3.1), the test statistic for the two-stage design

can be generalized to any K-stage design:

  Tk =

∑k i=1 pi for MSP

Tk = ∏k

i=1 pi for MPP

Tk = 1− Φ (∑k

) for MINP,

(4.1)

where pi is the stagewise p-value at stage i and the subscript k = 1, . . . ,K.