ABSTRACT
The study of exposures to environmental hazards and their potential effects on health outcomes begins with understanding the underlying structure of, and variation in, the hazard over space and time. Changes in exposures to the hazard will be used to estimate the associated health effects together with associated measures of uncertainty. An important aspect of this is to provide the contrasts in exposures over space and time that will drive the health outcome. In addition, being able to model the underlying structure of the exposure field will enable predictions to be made at locations where data are not available due to the absence of monitoring. Often there will be locations and periods of time in which exposure data will not be available. This may be due to a fault in monitoring equipment or may be due to design.
