ABSTRACT
Cement manufacturing is a complex and massive industrial process undertaken by large organizations. With the exception of small quantities of masonry cement and other specialty cements, all cement is called Portland cement and used as the key ingredient of concrete, which is used in greater volumes than any other manufactured material on earth. Cement is the agent that binds together the fine and coarse aggregate components of concrete when combined with water. Since it requires intense heat, cement manufacturing involves significant fossil fuel combustion and therefore creates carbon dioxide and numerous other pollutants. Improving concrete’s sustainability will require measures in all stages of the product’s life cycle-from the manufacture and shipment of cement to the blending and application of concrete-to reduce energy use, capture and utilize emissions from cement manufacturing and other processes, and build energy-efficient and long-lasting
2.1 Preview ........................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Introduction ....................................................................................................20 2.3 Role of Cement and Concrete in Climate Change ..........................................20 2.4 Environmental Sustainability .........................................................................22 2.5 Reducing the Cement Component of Concrete ..............................................25 2.6 Chemical Admixtures .....................................................................................25 2.7 Social and Economic Sustainability ...............................................................25 2.8 Future of Cement and Concrete ......................................................................26 2.9 Concluding Remarks ......................................................................................26 References ................................................................................................................27 Appendix: Chemical Admixtures and Sustainability ...............................................27
