ABSTRACT
The problem of biological species and speciation are the main focus of this chapter. These problems have attracted researchers’ attention since the establishment of biology as a science. Most popular now among biologists is the Synthetic Theory of Evolution (STE), which includes the Biological Species Concept (BSC). The basis of the STE and it systematic description were presented in the fundamental books by Haldane (1932), Dobzhansky (1937; 1943; 1955), Huxley (1954), and Mayr (Mayr 1947; Mayr 1968). A popular summary of the STE is the book by Timofeev-Resovsky with coauthors (1977). The concept requires further development and constructive ideas on some STE themes were developed by Vorontsov (1980), Harrison (1998) and others.
