FORTIER

FORTIER 24.04. 1855 Leeds ON/CA 19.08. 1933 Oakland CA/USA Samuel Fortier obtained from the McGill School, Montreal his BSc, ME and PhD degrees in 1885, 1896 and 1907, respectively. He was first assistant engineer of the Denver Water Company from 1886 to 1890, chief engineer of the Ogden Water Works, and Bear River Canal & Irrigation Company until 1893, when being appointed professor of hydraulic engineering at the Agricultural College of Utah. In parallel he was hydrographer of the US Geological Survey USGS and consulting engineer for irrigation works. From 1899 to 1903 he directed the Montana Experiment Station, Bozeman MT. He then was resident hydrographer of the USGS in Montana, and irrigation engineer of the US Department of Agriculture. From 1903 to 1907 Fortier was in charge of the Pacific Coast District for irrigation investigations of the US Office of Experiment Stations. From then to 1915 he was the chief of irrigation investigations, then taking over as adviser of the Government of British Columbia on irrigation. From 1915 he was chief of the Division of Irrigation, US Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering, retiring in 1924 as a consultant. He was a member of ASCE, of the American Society of Irrigation Engineers, and of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers CSCE, which awarded him the Gowski Medal in 1896 for a paper on water storage. Fortier was a well-known expert in irrigation engineering who was greatly in charge of the reclamation projects in the West of the United States. He advanced in collaboration with Fred C. Scobey (1880-1962) a formula to determine the permissible velocities in canals such that erosion was avoided. This topic had been considered already earlier in France, but it was only advanced in the 1930s by Albert Shields (1908-1974), using the relevant dimensionless quantities describing this process for sand beds. Fortier further presented a notable book on the use of water in irrigation. Anonymous (1917). Fortier, Samuel. Who’s who in America: 849. Marquis: Chicago. Anonymous (1933). Samuel Fortier. Engineering-News Record 111(Aug.24): 243. Fortier, S. (1896). Earthen dams. Bulletin 46. Utah Agricultural Experiment Station: Logan UT. Fortier, S. (1915). Use of water in irrigation. McGraw-Hill: New York, 3rd ed. in 1926. Fortier, S., Hoff, E.J. (1920). Defects in current meters and a new design. Engineering News-Record 85(20): 923-924. Fortier, S., Scobey, F.C. (1926). Permissible canal velocities. Trans. ASCE 89: 940-956. Rouse, H. (1976). S. Fortier. Hydraulics in the USA 1776-1976: 94. University of Iowa: Iowa. P

FORTSON 16.10. 1906 Washington GA/USA 22.01. 1980 Bay County FL/USA Eugene Palmer Fortson, Jr., was educated at Texas A&M University, College Station TX, receiving his BS degree in civil engineering in 1932. He then joined the Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg MS, as hydraulic model engineer until 1940, from when he served in the US Army under the Persian Gulf Command. Upon return to the USA, Fortson rejoined the Experiment Station, now as chief of its Hydraulics Division. He was from the 1940s member of the American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE. Fortson was a hydraulic engineer dealing mainly with laboratory studies within the US Army Waterways Experiment Station. His 1963 paper reports on visits to three European hydraulic laboratories, namely the Hydraulic Research Station HRS, the British Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research at Wallingford UK, then the Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique LNH of Electricité de France EdF at Chatou, France, and Laboratoire Central d’Hydraulique de France LCH, Paris, France. Despite the then leadership of the USA in many fields of hydraulics and hydraulic engineering, Fortson and others made these visits to obtain information on alternative methods for studying fluid flow. In the early 1960s, the United Kingdom and France counted among the leaders in these fields in Europe. The 1970 Report deals with questions of hydraulic laboratory modeling, mainly with the model similitude and scale effects by which up-scaling from model data to prototype dimensions becomes incorrect because of additional effects of mainly viscosity and surface tension. The photo of the 1949 Report includes notable American individuals of hydraulic engineering, namely Robert T. Knapp (1899-1957), Hunter Rouse (1906-1996), or Arthur T. Ippen (19071974), together with Fortson. Anonymous (1948). Eugene P. Fortson, Jr. Who’s who in engineering 6: 666. Lewis: New York. Anonymous (1949). E.P. Fortson. Engineering-News Record 142(Jun.16): 32. P Anonymous (1957). Eugene P. Fortson, chief Hydraulics Division. Civil Engineering 27(6): 28. P Fortson, Jr., E.P. (1944). Engineering foreign service. Civil Engineering 14(3): 127-128. Fortson, Jr., E.P., Fenwick, G.B. (1961). Navigation model studies of New Ohio River Locks. Trans. ASCE 126: 171-183. Fortson, Jr., E.P. (1963). Visits to hydraulic laboratories in England and France. US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station: Vicksburg MS. Fortson, Jr., E.P. (1970). Capabilities of hydraulic models. Miscellaneous Paper H-70-5. US Army Waterways Experiment Station: Vicksburg MS.