HOWLAND

HOWLAND 22.03. 1900 Athens NY/USA 15.10. 1980 Lafayette IN/USA Warren Every Howland obtained the SB degree in 1922 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, the MSc degree in 1929 from the Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, and the PhD degree in 1939 from Harvard University, Cambridge MA. He was from 1922 to 1923 junior assistant at Harvard University, until 1925 assistant engineer at the Sanitary District of Chicago IL, and from 1926 from instructor to professor of sanitary engineering at Purdue University. Howland was member of the American Water Works Association AWWA, and the American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE. Howland was working in the 1920s to the 1940s mainly in pure hydraulics, and from then took interest in sanitary engineering. He also had a lifelong interest in questions of engineering education, and the history of technical sciences, mainly in hydraulics. The 1948 paper deals with orifice flow, which was usually solved by the use of the energy equation, or the Bernoulli equation given the potential flow. Few attempts were made to apply the momentum conservation principle because the pressure distribution is a priori unknown. This research attempts to discuss both methods, debating the pros and cons. The 1975 paper deals with the old problem of maximum discharge of a trapezoidal channel. Using the Manning formula for uniform flow, the result depends essentially on the hydraulic radius, and the bottom width of the section for a certain bottom slope and boundary roughness. Anonymous (1935). Current research work at Purdue. Engineering News-Record 115(14): 456-458 Anonymous (1948). Howland, Warren E. Who’s who in engineering 6: 961. Lewis: New York. Howland, W.E., Richetta, J.D. (1937). Derivation of coefficients of orifices. Journal of the Franklin Institute 223(1): 83-94. Howland, W.E. (1942). Interest in education. School and Society 56(1445): 173-178. Howland, W.E. (1957). Flow over porous media as in a trickling filter. Proc. 12th Conference on Industrial Waste Lafayette: 435-465. Howland, W.E. (1959). The appeal of engineering teaching. Purdue University: Lafayette. Howland, W.E., Pohland, F.G., Bloodgood, D.E. (1960). Kinetics in trickling filters. Purdue University: Lafayette. Howland, W.E., Howland, H.C. (1975). Economic shape of trapezoidal open channel sections with freeboard. Journal of the Hydraulics Division ASCE 101(HY5): 639-643. Rouse, H. (1976). W.E. Howland. Hydraulics in the USA 1776-1976: Frontispiece. P

HOWSON 26.09. 1883 Sacramento CA/USA 07.08. 1952 Oakland CA/USA George William Howson obtained in 1909 the BSc degree in civil engineering from the University of California, Berkeley CA. He was then civil engineer of the Sierra & San Francisco Power Co. As member of the Engineering Commission, he went to Greece to develop the municipal water supply of its capital Athens. On his return to the USA, he was appointed engineer of the Great Western Power Co., Oakland CA. In the 1920s Howson became research engineer of the Dix River Dam and Power Development in Kentucky. Later, Howson was travelling engineer for the Public Works Association PWA in Central California within the National Resources Planning Board, in charge of engineering in California, Idaho, Montana, and Oregon States. He was further design engineer on the Strawberry Dam in Utah after having joined the US Bureau of Reclamation USBR as engineer. He thereby was also coordinator on the 24 Central Valley Study Reports, composed of representatives from Federal, State, and local agencies, embracing many complicated problems such as allocation of costs, rates, and needed legislation. The Strawberry Valley Project is centred around Spanish Fork UT; it provided the first large-scale trans-mountain diversion from Colorado River Basin to Bonneville Basin, and was an early USBR projects to develop hydro-electric energy. The original project included Strawberry Dam and Reservoir, Indian Creek Dike, Strawberry Tunnel, two diversion dams, three power plants, and a canal system. In 1974 Strawberry Reservoir was enlarged by the construction of the Soldier Creek Dam 10 km downstream of the former dam, to provide increased storage capacity. Water is now supplied through the Sixth Water Aqueduct and Syar Tunnel, which has replaced the old Strawberry Tunnel. The second large hydro-power project in which Howson was involved is Dix Dam. It was built to create a reservoir for operating a hydro-electric power plant on Kentucky River. Construction began in 1923, and the scheme was completed in 1927. It was then the largest rock-fill dam of the world of 87 m height and 330 m length. Anonymous (1959). Howson, George W. Who’s who in engineering 8: 962. Lewis: New York. Anonymous (1952). George W. Howson. Engineering News-Record 149(Aug.21): 74. Howson, G.W. (1916). Unique method used to build rock-fill dam. Engng. News 75(13): 604-606. Howson, G.W. (1917). Discussion of Multiple-arch dams on Rush Creek, California. Trans. ASCE 81: 900-901. (P) https://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Strawberry+Valley+Project