KIRKHAM

KIRKHAM 11.02. 1908 Provo UT/USA 07.03. 1998 Iowa City IA/USA Don Kirkham made his studies at University of Utah and Columbia University, New York NY, graduating in 1934 as AM in physics and obtaining the PhD in 1938. He was then instructor and assistant professor there until 1940, civilian physicist at the Bureau of Ordnance, US Navy, until 1946, faculty member at Iowa State University, Iowa City IA until 1958, and until being retired in 1978 Curtiss Distinguished professor of agriculture. He was a visiting professor both at the Delft University, Delft NL, and at Ghent University, Belgium, from where he received in 1958 an honorary diploma. In 1958 also, Kirkham was a Lecturer at Vienna University, Austria; in 1974 at Göttingen University, Germany; in 1982 at Stuttgart University, Germany, or in 1985 in the People’s Republic of China. He further was consultant for a large number of associations, including in 1959 the Turkish Government, the United Arab Republic UAR in the 1960s, or in Argentina in 1965. In 1994 then, Kirkham was awarded the honorary doctorate from Ohio State University, Columbus OH. Kirkham was a well known scientist in soil physics, contributing thereby to knowledge in the field of environmental engineering. He authored numerous papers in technical journals of agricultural engineering and was an associate editor of the Water Resources Research from 1965 to 1971. He further was the Director of the Iowa Water Resources Research Council from 1964 to 1973. Kirkham was co-recipient of the International 1984 Wolf Prize in Agriculture, Israel, the recipient of the 1987 Merit Honor Award, University of Iowa, and a Fellow of the American Physical Society, among many other distinctions. He stated: My career has been based on these guidelines: ‘Do don’t stew, keep moving, don’t take yourself too seriously’. Anonymous (1995). Kirkham, Don. Who’s who in America 49: 2023. Marquis: Chicago. Anonymous (1998). Don Kirkham. Eos 79(40): 480. Kirkham, D. (1950). Seepage into ditches in the case of a plane water table and an impervious substratum. Trans. AGU 31(3): 425-430. Kirkham, D., Zeeuw de, J.W. (1952). Field measurements for tests of soil drainage theory. Journal of the Soil Science Society America 16(3): 286-293. Kirkham, D., Powers, W.L. (1972). Advanced soil physics. Wiley-Interscience: New York. https://www.lib.iastate.edu/arch/rgrp/9-9-60.html https://ag.arizona.edu/kirkham/conference.htm P

KIRKPATRICK 25.02. 1915 Menlo IA/USA 27.05. 1995 Knoxville KY/USA Kenneth William Kirkpatrick was educated at State University of Iowa, Iowa City IA, receiving the BS degree in civil engineering in 1937. Few information is available on his professional career, except that he moved to Tennessee Valley Authority TVA. He was there in the mid-1950s hydraulic engineer of its Hydraulic Laboratory, Norris TE, staying all through his career with TVA. He was junior member of the American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE from the late 1930s, and was finally a member. Spillways are a basic hydraulic element by which an overflow is controlled. These structures form an essential part of each dam, so that their characteristics must be known for both so-called free, and submerged flow conditions. The weir shape is selected to provide a maximum discharge but that effects of cavitation damage, becoming significant under high overflow depths, are avoided. The 1957 paper of Kirkpatrick is a noteworthy addition to the engineering literature, dealing with the spillway discharge coefficients of TVA dams. Eleven dams were considered in the study including both free and submerged overflow conditions. Various overflow geometries were thereby also referred to. Discharge coefficients of Tainter gates as introduced by Jeremiah N. Tainter (1836-1920), but placed on curved spillway crests, are discussed. The data include further the effect of model scale on these coefficients, and the effect of closing adjacent spillway bays. These data were the basis of spillway design for decades in the USA. The model studies were made under the general direction of Albert S. Fry (1892-1974), then chief of the TVA Hydraulic Data Bank, under supervision of George H. Hickox (1903-1986), the former head of the TVA Hydraulic Laboratory, and Rex A. Elder (1917-), then head of the TVA Hydraulic Laboratory. Few additions have been made since for these hydraulic structures, mainly relating to the effects of vertical gates placed at the weir crest, and radial gates slightly up-and downstream of the weir crest. The number of parameters then becomes high, so that a general treatment of the hydraulic problem becomes more involved. Anonymous (1956). K.W. Kirkpatrick. Proc. 6th Hydraulics Conference Iowa: Frontispiece. P Bradley, J.N. (1952). Discharge coefficients for irregular overfall spillways. USBR: Denver. Kirkpatrick, K.W. (1952). Graphical solution of hydraulic problems. Proc. ASCE 78(116). Kirkpatrick, K.W. (1957). Discharge coefficients for spillways at TVA dams. Trans. ASCE 122: 190-210. Rouse, H. (1976). K.W. Kirkpatrick. Hydraulics in the USA 1776-1976: Frontispiece. P