KLEMIN

KLEMIN 15.05. 1888 London/UK 13.03. 1950 Greenwich CT/USA Alexander Klemin obtained his BS degree from the University of London UK, the MS degree in 1915 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT, Cambridge MA, and the LLD degree in 1935 from Kenyon College, Gambier OH. He was Guggenheim research professor in aeronautical engineering at the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aeronautics, New York University, from 1925 to 1945, after having been officer in charge of the Research Department at MIT from 1917 to 1919. He further served as a consultant to the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics. He was a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society, and of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME. He was awarded the honorary degree of doctor of engineering from New York University in 1950. The Dr. Alexander Klemin Award was established post-mortem. Klemin was a notable aeronautical engineer who developed the helicopter and the gyroscope. He has written several textbooks mainly on aerodynamics. The 1918 book presents in Part 1 modern aeronautical laboratories, introduces the aerodynamical theory, compares various wing sections, and details the resistance features of airplanes. Part 2 relates then to the airplane design. Klemin also was concerned with the dynamic stability of the airplane. He served as the editor of the Aero Digest journal. He was president of the American Helicopter Society AHS when he died. He was also credited in 1921 for the design of the first amphibian landing gear in the USA, and was a winner of several Army and Navy airplane design competitions. He also contributed to various encyclopaedias and was an editor of the Scientific American. Anonymous (1941). Alexander Klemin. Mechanical Engineering 63(3): 201. P Anonymous (1944). Alexander Klemin. American men of science 7: 981. Science Press: Lancaster. Anonymous (1950). Dr. Alexander Klemin. IAS News 9(5): 7. P Klemin, A. (1918). Aeronautical engineering and airplane design. Gardner-Moffat: New York. Klemin, A. (1924). Introduction to the helicopter. Mechanical Engineering 46(11a): 739-751. Klemin, A., Huff, T.H., Dommett, W.E. (1925). A text-book of aeronautical engineering. Gardner-Moffat: New York. Klemin, A. (1928). Simplified aerodynamics. Goodheart-Willcox: Chicago. Klemin, A., Titterton, G.F. (1929). Airplane stress analysis. Ronald Press: New York. Klemin, A. (1948). Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences. IAS 16th Annual Meeting 7: 22-33. P

KLINE 25.02. 1922 Los Angeles CA/USA 24.10. 1997 Stanford CA/USA Stephen Jay Kline received in 1943 the BA degree from Stanford University, Stanford CA, and the MS and PhD titles in 1949 and 1952, respectively, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT, Cambridge MA. He was then a member of its faculty until retirement in 1992, from 1961 as professor of mechanical engineering. He was in parallel chairman of the Thermodynamics Division and consultant to General Electrics, General Motors, Brown Boveri, or United Technology. Kline was the recipient of the 1959 Melville Medal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME, its Fluids Engineering Award in 1975, and the 1977 George Stephenson Medal of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London UK. He was a Fellow ASME, and member of the National Academy of Engineering. Kline was a pioneer in the field of fluid dynamics. In the 1940s and 1950s the nature of turbulence was considered one of the most important unsolved problems in fluid mechanics. Kline developed methods of scientific visualisation allowing him to take the first detailed look at the layers of turbulent air flow that surround moving objects. This turbulent layer is responsible for fifty percent drag force of an airplane, thus influencing substantially the cost of flight. Later, Kline took interest in diffusor flow, a relevant topic both in water and air flow and particularly associated to jet flow. He classified the main flow types in expansions and proposed technical means to improve these elements. In 1968, Kline organized a unique conference on turbulent boundary layer prediction at Stanford University. According to ASME, this meeting may be considered ‘a landmark in the development of boundary layer technology’. Anonymous (1960). S. Kline receives Melville Prize Medal. Mechanical Engineering 82(1): 91. P Anonymous (1964). Kline, Stephen J. Who’s who in engineering 9: 1018. Lewis: New York. Anonymous (1965). S.J. Kline. Civil Engineering 35(10): 107. P Anonymous (1995). Kline, Stephen Jay. Who’s who in America 49: 2040. Marquis: Chicago. Kline, S.J. (1965) Similitude and approximation theory. McGraw-Hill: New York, 2nd ed. 1986. Kline, S.J. (1966). Some remarks on turbulent shear flows. Proc. Institution of Mechanical Engineers 180(3J): 222-244. Kline, S.J., Sovran, G., Morkovin, M.V., Cockrell, D.J., eds. (1968). Computation of turbulent boundary layers. Mechanical Engineering Department. University: Stanford CA. https://news.stanford.edu/pr/97/971028kline.html