BALDWIN, Jr. L.

BALDWIN, Jr. L. 16.05. 1780 Woburn MA/USA 30.06. 1838 Boston MA/USA Loammi Baldwin, Jr., was the son of a prominent civil engineer of the 18th century. He was educated at Westford Academy graduating in 1800 from Harvard College. At age 14 he accompanied his father to the famous canal engineer William Weston (1752-1833) initiating a ten years work of the Baldwin family on Middlesex Canal. From 1807 he devoted his entire energy to hydraulic engineering, traveling to England to inspect public works. Upon return to the USA in 1808 he began engineering practice at Charlestown MA, and was elected in 1810 Fellow, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. One of the earliest engineering works of Baldwin was the construction of Strong Fort at Boston Harbor, for defense against the British. In 1819 he completed the construction of Milldam, now that stretch of Beacon Street beyond the Boston Common. From 1817 to 1820 he worked in Virginia, and in 1821 took over as the engineer of the Union Canal in Pennsylvania. Baldwin returned in 1824 to Europe, examining public works mainly in France. In 1827 he was appointed engineer by the United States government which led to the naval dry docks at the Boston Navy Yard in Charlestown and in Norfolk. He was also in charge of the construction of a canal around the Ohio River Falls, or of Harrisburg Canal in Pennsylvania. One year before his death he was stricken by paralysis, a second attack proved fatal. He was then only 58 years of age, but survived under the name ‘Father of American civil engineering’. After his death, his brother James Fowle Baldwin, with whom he had often worked, continued his work, especially for the safe water supply of Boston. Baldwin, L., Jr. (1834). Report on the subject of introducing pure water into the city of Boston. Hilliard, Gray Co. Boston. Baldwin, L., Jr. (1835). Second Report made to a committee of the Boston Aqueduct Corporation. Eastburn’s Press: Boston. Schexnadyer, C., Anderson, S. (2011). Construction engineering education: History and challenge. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 137(10): 730-739. Tower, F.B. (1843). Illustrations of the Croton Aqueduct. Wiley & Putnam: New York. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loammi_Baldwin,_Jr. https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.CRMS203 https://www.google.ch/search?q=%22Loammi+Baldwin%22&hl=de&prmd=imvnso&tbm=isch&tbo =u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=HKTYTrPlJ8jt-ga-g-23Dg&ved=0CG8QsAQ&biw=1044&bih=740 P

BALDWIN W.J. 14.06. 1844 Waterford/IE 07.05. 1924 New York NY/USA William James Baldwin was born on shipboard near Waterford in Ireland. He arrived with his family at Boston MA in 1855, educated in primary schools there and St. Dunstan’s High School, Prince Edward Island CA. He became familiar from 1862 in naval architecture, engineering and physics in his father’s office, and helped to construct monitors and convert blockade runners in shipyards of East Boston MA. He was from 1866 assistant to Stephen Gates, to design and repair iron ships, and from 1868 worked in general machinery. From 1870 he acted as manager and superintendent at Detroit’s Novelty Works. From 1874, he constructed engineering plants for large public buildings. He also was consulting engineer for the Department of Health, New York City, and lectured at the US War College, Washington DC. Baldwin took over in addition from 1880 to 1889 as associate editor the Engineering Record journal, and was Lecturer and professor of thermal engineering at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. The heating of rooms in the 19th century was almost unknown, except by using a fireplace. Baldwin was among those who revolutionized this state by systematically using steam for this purpose. He was a person well set into this position, given his widespread projects achieved until the early 1880s, including works with ships, general machinery, and thermodynamics. Using this then modern equipment improved both the social and hygienic status of those who were in these buildings, mainly in hospitals, schools and large public buildings. Beside a number of books on the topic, he also contributed to the Dictionary of Architecture and Building. Baldwin was a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME, and of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers ASHVE. Anonymous (1924). William J. Baldwin. Trans. ASHVE 30: 404-405. Baldwin, W.J. (1883). Steam heating for buildings. Wiley: New York. Baldwin, W.J. (1889). Hot-water heating and fitting or warming buildings by hot-water: A description of modern hot-water heating apparatus, the methods of construction and the principles. The Engineering & Building Record: New York. Baldwin, W.J. (1897). Steam heating data. New York. Baldwin, W.J. (1899). An outline of ventilation and warming. Baldwin: New York. P Baldwin, W.J. (1908). Hot water heating and fitting, modern hot water apparatus: The method of their construction and principles involved. McGraw-Hill: New York.