ROWLAND

ROWLAND 15.03. 1831 New Haven CT/USA 13.12. 1907 New York NY/USA Thomas Fitch Rowland entered at age of thirteen his father’s grist mill as a miller’s boy. Later Rowland was employed by New York & New Haven Railroad in their machine shop. In 1850 he accepted the post as assistant engineer of the steamboat Connecticut, but then was variously employed about New York in designing steamboat machinery. He established in 1859 at Greenpoint NY a business for iron works in association with a prominent builder of wooden vessels. The first contract was with Croton Aqueduct for a 400 m long wrought-iron water pipe of 2.2 m diameter. It was to be located on top of the high bridge over the Harlem River to carry water from the aqueduct to the new reservoir in Central Park. This work, requiring 450 tons of wrought-iron plates and some 400 tons of castings, was successfully carried out. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Rowland began the manufacture of gun carriages and mortar beds for the Navy Department. He further fitted out most of the steamers purchased from the merchant service, which vessels took part in the capture of Port Royal and were known as the Porter Mortar Fleet. In 1861, Rowland contracted with John Ericsson (1803-1889) to construct an iron-clad floating battery, later known as the Monitor. He further designed a series of similar monitors and gunboats. In the 1870s he built a number of ferryboats for the Union Ferry Company, New York, and designed steamboats for Cuban waters. He then experimented in the art of iron and steel welding and also designed the process and apparatus used for his company in the manufacture of the Fox corrugated and Morison suspension furnaces then widely used. He incorporated later his business as Continental Iron Works, serving as president until his death. The Thomas Fitch Rowland Prize was instituted by the American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE in 1882. It is given to authors describing construction works with a valuable contribution to either construction management or construction engineering. Anonymous (1908). Thomas Fitch Rowland. Trans. ASME 29: 1181-1183. Anonymous (1935). Rowland, Thomas Fitch. Dictionary of American biography 16: 200-201. Scribner’s: New York. Rowland, T.F. (1888). Experiments on delivery of water from pipes. Trans. ASCE 19: 120-126. https://209.85.129.132/search?q=cache:nTDRUIoc8cMJ:www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/c ivil-war/1862/iron-clad-ironsides.htm+%22Thomas+Fitch+Rowland%22+1831-&cd=3&hl=de&ct=clnk&gl=ch P

RUBEY 19.12. 1898 Moberly MO/USA 12.04. 1974 Santa Monica CA/USA William Walden Rubey obtained his AB degree from the University of Missouri, Columbia MO, and his D.Sc degree in 1953. He was an assistant geologist at US Geological Survey USGS until 1922, instructor in geology at Yale University until 1924, from when he rejoined USGS as associate geologist, geologist, and senior geologist until 1960. He was in 1954 guest geologist at the Institute of Geophysics, University of California, Los Angeles, and there professor of geology and geophysics from 1960. Rubey was a member, the Committee on Geophysics and Geology Research and Development Board from 1947 to 1950, and director and vice-president of the American Geological Institute AGI in the 1950s. He was recipient of the Award of Excellence from the US Department of Interior in 1943, member of the National Academy of Science, among many other distinctions. Rubey was a notable and excellent geologist. He was interested in problems of earth science, including the origin and the evolution of mountain belts, the diversity of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock, the growth of continents, the origin of ocean basins and of sea water, or the evolution of the terrestrial planets. He directed the studies by judicious questioning and with an open-minded, objective attack, paired with comprehensive appreciation of physics and chemistry coupled with broad background knowledge in geology. He is remembered for a formula to determine the sink velocity of sediments in still water thereby generalizing the approach of George G. Stokes (18191903) by accounting for the density difference between sediment and fluid, gravitational acceleration, fluid viscosity, and sediment diameter. His result may also be expressed as a relation between the particle Reynolds and the densimetric Froude number. Anonymous (1969). Rubey, William W. Who’s who in America 35: 1883. Marquis: Chicago. Ernst, W.G. (1978). William W. Rubey. Biographical memoirs 49: 205-223. National Academy of Sciences: Washington DC. P Rubey, W.W. (1933). Equilibrium conditions in debris-laden streams. Trans. AGU 14: 497-505. Rubey, W.W. (1933). Settling velocity of gravel, sand and silt. American Journal of Science Ser. 5 25(148): 325-338. Rubey, W.W. (1933). The size distribution of heavy minerals within a water-laid sandstone. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 3(1): 3-29. Rubey, W.W. (1938). The forces required to move particles on a stream bed. Professional Paper 189 E: 121-141. USGS: Washington DC.