TULTS

TULTS 24.03. 1907 Tartus/EE 31.12. 1969 Santa Clara CA/USA Harold (Harald) Tults was born in Estonia but he graduated from the University of Brno CR in 1932. He obtained in 1949 the PhD degree from Karlsruhe University, and moved to the United States in 1950. He was in the early 1950s then assistant hydraulic engineer within an engineering company of Chicago IL. He there also chaired the Estonian Society, and was member of the Estonian Students Corporation. He finally lived in California. Tults became ASCE Member in 1959. Tults studied diffusor, water hammer, and side weir problems. His 1956 work is concerned with pressure recovery in expansions, including the flow separation from the walls. The diffusor is an important element in hydraulics and aerodynamics, to which research was devoted to improve the flow conditions. Tults measured the velocity profiles and the pressure distributions in a uni-laterally expanding plane rectangular test channel. Two characteristic phases, ‘instant stop’ and ‘separation start’, were recorded. The work resulted in information on the mechanics of separating flow. A simple relationship between the angle of divergence and the expansion rate at which the maximum pressure recovery occurs was established, permitting to determine the optimum divergence versus the required rate of gradual expansion. The pressure recovery can be significantly increased if the separation endangered area is connected to a bypass removing the retarded flow portion and moves it back into the approach flow portion. The 1956 paper on the flood protection is concerned with side weirs to laterally discharge a portion of the approach flow, thereby improving the discharge scenario in the tailwater. This approach is currently often applied if there is enough space to bypass temporally water into large natural ponds, and returned to the river after flooding. The third 1956 paper considers the design of penstocks using the Manning formula for pipe velocity, and a total annual cost relationship. If frictional effects are neglected, a simple solution results, which is improved by relaxing the latter condition. Tults, H. (1955). Discussion of Diversion flow through Buford Dam conduits. Proc. ASCE 81(709): 7-10. Tults, H. (1956). Flow expansion and pressure recovery in fluids. Trans. ASCE 121: 65-84. Tults, H. (1956). Flood protection of canals by lateral spillways. Journal of the Hydraulics Division ASCE 82(HY5): 1-17; 83(1230): 47-49; 83(1417): 3-5. Tults, H. (1956). Quicker design of penstocks. Water Power 8(8): 303-305. Tults, J. (2013). Harold Tults. Personal communication. P

TURNBULL W.J. 19.03. 1903 Burchard NE/USA 28.09. 1997 Warren MS/USA Willard Jay Turnbull obtained the BS degree in 1925 in civil engineering from University of Nebraska, Lincoln NE. He was from 1927 to 1928 a project engineer of the Nebraska State Highway Dept., and then until 1931 in charge of operations on farm land in Pawnee County NE, from when he was until 1935 assistant state test engineer at his Alma Mater. He was from 1935 to 1941 soils engineer and chief of the Laboratory, Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District, from when he took over as chief the Embankment, Foundation and Pavement Division of the US Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg MS. Turnbull was member of the American Societies of Civil and Mechanical Engineers ASCE and ASME, and the Highway Research Board. Turnbull was awarded in 1965 one of the eight Distinguished Civilian Service Awards of the Department of Defence in recognition of major achievements, then chief of the Soils Engineering Division of the US Army Corps of Engineers. The citation reads ‘His broad engineering knowledge and exceptional managerial ability advanced the basic knowledge of soil engineering and the capacity of the Department to successfully support military operations under a wide range of different and difficult conditions’. In his career he had been responsible for the design and the evaluation of military airfields, studies for foundations of dams and levees, and research in soil dynamics, stabilization, and other aspects of soil mechanics. He was in 1969 recipient of the ASCE Terzaghi Award, which is presented for outstanding contributions to knowledge in the field of soil mechanics, subsurface and earthwork engineering, and construction. Anonymous (1948). Turnbull, Willard J. Who’s who in engineering 6: 2025. Lewis: New York. Anonymous (1965). Top Pentagon Award to Turnbull. Engineering News-Record 174(Jun.17): 213. P Turnbull, W.J., Woodland, G.S. (1958). Foundation design. Trans. ASCE 123: 1160-1171. Turnbull, W.J., Krinitzsky, E.L., Weaver, F.J. (1966). Bank erosion in soils of Lower Mississippi Valley. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division ASCE 92(SM1): 121-136. Turnbull, W.J., Hvorslev, M. (1967). Special problems in slope stability. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division ASCE 93(SM4): 499-525. Turnbull, W.J., Mansur, C.L. (1973). Compaction of hydraulically placed fills. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division ASCE 99(11): 939-955. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_J._Turnbull