I. Introduction .................................................................................................. 538 II. Hoses ............................................................................................................. 538

A. Coolant Hose ......................................................................................... 538 1. Manufacturing Process .................................................................... 539 2. Classication of Hoses and Materials ............................................. 539 3. Coolant Hose Materials ................................................................... 541 4. Ethylene-Propylene Elastomer-Based Coolant Hoses ................... 541 5. Elastomer Characteristics ................................................................ 541 6. Sulfur Vulcanization ....................................................................... 542 7. Peroxide Vulcanization .................................................................... 543 8. Electrochemical Degradation of Coolant Hoses .............................544 9. Silicone Elastomer-Based Coolant Hoses .......................................546