ABSTRACT
Empirical design is a trial-and-error approach that emphasizes iterative fabrication and testing and deemphasizes mathematical modeling and analysis. It can be the most effective approach in cases where a ceramic is already in use and is only being modified and in cases where mechanical loads are minimal. It can also be the optimum approach when the available property data for the candidate ceramic material are too limited for the more analytical approaches. Finally, empirical design may be the only approach, or may be required in addition to analytical approaches, where the survival of a component is strongly affected by environmental factors such as chemical attack or erosion.
