Annual shes have displayed ecological and developmental adaptations that must be considered when kept and bred under laboratory conditions. Herein, we summarize our experience in handling and breeding annual shes at the Biología Celular de la Reproducción y del Desarrollo en Peces laboratory. Particularly, we summarize data and give advice on maintenance, reproduction, and embryo culture of annual shes of the Neotropical genus Austrolebias. At the same time, we will review and compare husbandry of Austrolebias with the available information for other genera of annual shes.