ABSTRACT
Urticants produce instant, almost intolerable pain and cause immediate local destruction of the skin and mucous membranes. No other chemical agent vapor produces such an immediately painful onset followed by rapid tissue death. Sensations caused by exposure to these agents range from mild prickling to an almost intolerable pain resembling a severe bee sting. Effects depend on the concentration of the agent vapor and the length of exposure. Tissue damage is more severe than produced by vesicants (C08-C10), with corrosive-type lesions that are similar to those that are produced by a strong acid. Inhalation of urticants can cause lung membranes to swell and become filled with liquid (pulmonary edema). Death may result from lack of oxygen. Urticants are also systemic agents that rapidly pass through the skin to affect susceptible tissues. Percutaneous absorption of liquids or solids can also produce pulmonary edema and blood clots in the lungs.
