Pathophysiology of Metabolic Syndrome: Part I—Inuence of Adiposity and Insulin Resistance

Once in the circulation, insulin triggers several signaling pathways that lead to glucose utilization and reduction of glycemia. This hormone raises glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle and liver, decreases hepatic glucose output, inhibits lipolysis and induces lipogenesis in adipose tissue, reduces proteolysis, and increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Insulin has also other systemic effects including the modulation of cell proliferation.