ABSTRACT
The renery (Figure 14.1) is a series of unit processes designed to work in sequence to produce a slate of products dictated by the market (Chapter 3). Throughout the previous chapters, there have been several references and/or acknowledgments of the use of hydrogen during rening owing to the need to rene high-sulfur feedstocks to produce low-sulfur products (Tables 14.1 and 14.2) (Figure 14.2), such as desulfurization of distillates (Figure 14.3), and in hydroconversion processes, such as single-stage or two-stage hydrocracking (Figure 14.4). In fact, the use of hydrogen in renery processes is perhaps the single most signicant advancement in rening technology during the 20th century. The process uses the principle that the presence of hydrogen during a thermal reaction of a petroleum feedstock will terminate many of the coke-forming reactions and enhance the yields of the lower-boiling components such as naphtha, kerosene, and gas oil (Speight, 2000, 2011, 2014; Speight and Ozum, 2002; Parkash, 2003; Hsu and Robinson, 2006; Ancheyta and Speight, 2007; Gary et al., 2007).
