ABSTRACT
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease in the central nervous system (CNS, i.e., the brain and spinal cord), which damages the myelin sheath that protects the nerve bers cells in certain parts of the CNS and affects the brain and spinal cord functions. For example, because of the damage to the spinal cord, the brain cannot properly communicate with the rest of body. During disease development and relapse (attack), the myelin becomes inamed, damaged, and lost, suggesting that inammation (immune cell attack) drives the disease process and relapse. As a result, individuals affected by MS develop signs and symptoms that include visual disturbances, muscle weakness, numbness, difculty with balance and coordination, thinking and memory decits, paralysis, and death. There are four distinct clinical disease patterns in MS: relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), and progressive relapsing MS [1,2].
