ABSTRACT
Today, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors (CISs) [1-4], also called active pixel sensors (APSs), are the most popular imager technology with several billion manufactured every year [5,6]. They represent about 90% of the imager market and should exceed 95% in a few years [5]. Compared to the main alternative imager technology, the charge-coupled device (CCD), CISs have
11.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 295 11.1.1 Context .............................................................................................. 295 11.1.2 APS, CIS, and Monolithic Active Pixel-Sensors ..............................296 11.1.3 Basic Knowledge of Radiation Effects .............................................296
