ABSTRACT
Abstract. Developing crops that are better adapted to abiotic stresses are important for food production in many parts of the world today. Multidisciplinary approaches are used to develop crops that are more tolerant to abiotic stresses, especially salinity. Prioritizing research for salinity with prospects for crop production is the
immediate requirement for a sustainable future. Plants tolerate salinity by using different mechanisms; in this connection, many molecules are identified. Examining and addressing the constraints would help us in overcoming salinity. Present approaches that are used in different plants would help us in better understanding
18.1 Introduction / 330 18.2 Salt Stress / 331 18.3 Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants / 331
18.3.1 Compatible Organic Solutes / 331 18.3.2 Water Channel Proteins / 332 18.3.3 Ion Channel/Transporters/Carrier Proteins / 332 18.3.4 Enhancing Antioxidant Production / 332 18.3.5 Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins / 332 18.3.6 Chaperones / 332 18.3.7 Proteinases That Remove Denatured Proteins / 332 18.3.8 Hormones / 335 18.3.9 Transcription Factors / 337 18.3.10 Protein Kinases / 337 18.3.11 Protein-Related Phospholipid Metabolism / 337
18.4 Salt Sensors, Salt Sensing, Salt Stress, and Salt Tolerance / 337 18.5 Present Status of Transgenic Approaches for Salinity Tolerance / 339
18.5.1 Compatible Organic Solutes / 339 18.5.2 Water Channel Proteins / 340 18.5.3 Enhancing Antioxidant Production / 340 18.5.4 Ion Transporters / 342
18.6 Future Prospects of Transgenic Approaches and Challenges for Salinity Tolerance / 342 18.7 Conclusion / 343 References / 343
how transgenic plants are tolerating salinity. Reviewing the parameters would provide us better information of the future prospects and approaches that are to be used. Overview of the present and future methodologies would
gain more insights in understanding transgenic approaches for salinity tolerance.
